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2011-07-30T07:47:00.000-07:00

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Comprehensive post on SEO

2011-06-18T10:30:00.000-07:00

Summary of Problogger article :http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ProbloggerHelpingBloggersEarnMoney/~3/vxpXt1QTITc/.

Meta Tags:

Description tag will not help you rank in Google, but it can be used to help entice people to click on your link in the search results.
The Title tag is (sometimes) used by Google as the main text of your link within the search results.
The words used here have been proven to help with rankings. Basically, the closer the keywords are to the left edge of the link, the better the result will rank for those keywords. For example, Geek Juice: Canadian Tech News won’t rank as well as Canadian Tech News by Geek Juice for the term “Canadian Tech News.”
In both instances I said that Google sometimes uses these tags. This is because they sometimes use other sources. Google may display content from your site instead of your chosen description or title tag if Google’s algorithm believes it is more relevant. Google may also use content from DMOZ (the open directory project.).

Keywords:
In reality Google hasn’t used keyword density in years. Stuffing a million keywords at the bottom of your page won’t help; some believe Google actually penalizes sites for this. As long as you mention a chosen keyword once or twice within a blog post, you’ll be fine. The important thing is that the rest of the post is about that keyword. Google has figured out a lot of very complex ways to make sure your post is about the keyword you’ve chosen.

Building Links:
Google first built its search engine on the idea of page rank: a page was probably relevant if a lot of people linked to that page. The more links to that page, the better. Early in Google’s life this approach was easily spammed, and to this day people continue to try and gain PageRank. The only real way to build links is to create great content that sites want to naturally link to. The issue is that if you are a new blogger, your chances of getting a link are slim to none. There are ways to build them though…

Guest posts

Google likes it when sites that are similar to yours links to you. So guest post on blogs that have similar themes.

Contests

Running a contest where you give something away is a great way to naturally product lots of links.

Viral content

If a single post or image of yours somehow gets to the first page of Reddit or Digg, you are guaranteed to get tons of links pointing to your site.

Social signals

Both Google and Bing have admitted to using social signals within search results. This is getting more and more prevalent.
However, it’s still a brand new part of SEO, and it hasn’t been thoroughly studied yet. What I can suggest, though, is that you make sure you have a Twitter and Facebook account and that you interact with your followers regularly.
Ultimately, all this advice amounts to one tip for achieving good search rank: create great, high-quality posts and interact with your readers regularly.

my paper.li newspaper

2011-06-18T09:58:00.001-07:00

i have created my own paper.li newspaper. You can reach them on http://paper.li/f-1308415852. I have you will subcribe it.

Efective Blog Commenting

2011-06-18T09:35:00.000-07:00

Using RSS feeds and organizing them
Use social media, especially Twitter.
Use Paper.li
Use Google Alerts
Focus on quality

Cara menghilangkan bulu ketiak

2011-06-15T13:30:00.000-07:00

1. Gosok bekas cabutan bulu ketiak dengan kunyit yang dicelupkan pada air kapur sirih.
2. Oleskan ketiak yang dibersihkan dengan campuran 20 biji jintan putih, 3 kapur barus yang seukuran kelereng yang ditumbuk dan dicampur air perasan jeruk nipis.
3. Olesi bulu ketiak dengan campuran 20 merica dan 3 butir kapur barus seukuran kelereng yang ditumbuk dan dicampur dengan minyak tanah/minyak kelapa.

twitterku akhirnya 1200

2011-01-28T13:54:00.001-08:00

akhirnya http://ping.fm/Cv7st mencapai 1.200 orang

2011-01-28T13:48:00.001-08:00

ternyata http://ping.fm/FrkcD masih bisa diakses

2011-01-27T23:31:00.001-08:00

mencoba delivery sistem ping.fm ternyata menghasilkan error, agregat di http://ping.fm/tp8uX

2011-01-27T08:16:00.001-08:00

internet http://ping.fm/HV2VE turun ke hal 3

Rewrite Rule tips from corz.org

2010-03-23T23:59:00.000-07:00

i get tips from http://corz.org/serv/tricks/htaccess2.php about rewrite rule.

beginning rewriting..

you only need to do this once per .htaccess file:
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine on

simple rewriting

all requests to whatever.htm will be sent to whatever.php:
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^(.*)\.htm$ $1.php [NC]

this will do a "real" external redirection:
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^(.+)\.htm$ http://corz.org/$1.php [R,NC]

not-so-simple rewriting ... flat links and more

a more complex rewrite rule:
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^files/([^/]+)/([^/]+).zip /download.php?section=$1&file=$2 [NC]

an even more complex rewrite rule:
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^blog/([0-9]+)-([a-z]+) http://corz.org/blog/index.php?archive=$1-$2 [NC]

Here's the very basics of regexp (expanded from the Apache mod_rewrite documentation)..

Escaping:

\char escape that particular char

For instance to specify special characters.. [].()\ etc.

Text:

. Any single character (on its own = the entire URI)
[chars] Character class: One of following chars
[^chars] Character class: None of following chars
text1|text2 Alternative: text1 or text2 (i.e. "or")

e.g. [^/] matches any character except /
(foo|bar)\.html matches foo.html and bar.html

Quantifiers:

? 0 or 1 of the preceding text
* 0 or N of the preceding text (hungry)
+ 1 or N of the preceding text

e.g. (.+)\.html? matches foo.htm and foo.html
(foo)?bar\.html matches bar.html and foobar.html

Grouping:

(text) Grouping of text

Either to set the borders of an alternative or
for making backreferences where the nthe group can
be used on the target of a RewriteRule with $n

e.g. ^(.*)\.html foo.php?bar=$1

Anchors:

^ Start of line anchor
$ End of line anchor

An anchor explicitly states that the character right next to it MUST
be either the very first character ("^"), or the very last character ("$")
of the URI string to match against the pattern, e.g..

^foo(.*) matches foo and foobar but not eggfoo
(.*)l$ matches fool and cool, but not foo

shortening URLs

beware the regular expression:
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^grab /public/files/download/download.php

capturing variables

capturing a $_GET variable:
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} foo=(.*)
RewriteRule ^grab(.*) /page.php?bar=%1

QSA Overkill!:
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} foo=(.+)
RewriteRule ^grab/(.*) /%1/index.php?file=$1 [QSA]

mixing flat and dynamic links in a single ruleset..
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} version=(.+)
RewriteRule ^grab/([^/]+)/(.*) /%1/index.php?section=$1&file=$2 [QSA]

just a demo!
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} .
RewriteRule foo.php(.*) /foo.php? [L]

cooler access denied

they go "huh?.. ahhh!"
# send them up!
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ ../ [NC]

they go damn! Oh!
# send them exactly there!
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /comms/hardware/router/ [NC]

deny with style!
# users can load only "special.zip", and the css and js files.
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !^(.+)\.css$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !^(.+)\.js$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !special.zip$
RewriteRule ^(.+)$ /chat/ [NC]

all-in-one control..
RewriteEngine on
Options +FollowSymlinks
# allow access with no restrictions to local machine at 192.168.1.3
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} !192.168.1.3
# allow access to all .css and .js in sub-directories..
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !\.css$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !\.js$
# allow access to the files inside img/, but not a directory listing..
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !img/(.*)\.
# allow access to these particular files...
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !comments.php$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !corzmail.php$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !digitrack.php$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !gd-verify.php$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !post-dumper.php$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !print.php$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !source-dump.php$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !textview.php$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ / [R,NC,L]

Ban User Agents, referrers, script-kiddies and more..

Who need's a local copy, when I'm right here?..
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Teleport\ Pro [NC]
RewriteRule . abuse.txt [L]

A little garlic for the net vampires..
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^BackWeb [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Bandit [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^BatchFTP [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^BecomeBot [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^BlackWidow [NC,OR]
# etc..
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Net\ Vampire [NC]
RewriteRule . abuse.txt [L]

Suckers, h4x0rz, kiddies, cross-site scripters and more.. Bye now!
# why not come visit me directly?
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} \.opendirviewer\. [NC,OR]
# this prevents stoopid cross-site discovery attacks..
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} \?\ HTTP/ [NC,OR]
# please stop pretending to be the Googlebot..
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} users\.skynet\.be.* [NC,OR]
# really, we need a special page for these twats..
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} \=\|w\| [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} etc/passwd [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} owssvr\.dll [NC,OR]
# you can probably work these out..
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} \=\|w\| [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} \/\*\ HTTP/ [NC,OR]
# etc..
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} Sucker [NC]
RewriteRule . abuse.txt [L]

prevent hot-linking

how DARE they!
Options +FollowSymlinks
# no hot-linking
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(www\.)?corz\.org/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !hotlink\.(gif|png) [NC]
RewriteRule .*\.(gif|jpg|png)$ http://corz.org/img/hotlink.png [NC]

lose the "www"
beware the regular expression:
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{http_host} ^www\.corz\.org [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://corz.org/$1 [R=301,NC]

here's what I'm currently using:
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.*) [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://%1/$1 [R=301,NC,L]

multiple domains in one root
All requests NOT already rewritten into these folders, transparently rewrite..
#two domains served from one root..
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} domain-one.com
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/one
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ one/$1 [L]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} domain-two.com
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^two
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ two/$1 [L]

automatic translation

they simply add their country code to the end of the link, or you do..
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^(.*)-fr$ http://www.google.com/translate_c?hl=fr&sl=en&u=http://corz.org/$1 [R,NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)-de$ http://www.google.com/translate_c?hl=de&sl=en&u=http://corz.org/$1 [R,NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)-es$ http://www.google.com/translate_c?hl=es&sl=en&u=http://corz.org/$1 [R,NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)-it$ http://www.google.com/translate_c?hl=it&sl=en&u=http://corz.org/$1 [R,NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)-pt$ http://www.google.com/translate_c?hl=pt&sl=en&u=http://corz.org/$1 [R,NC]

the same sort of thing, except browser-side..
javascript:void(location.href='http://translate.google.com/translate?u='+location.href)

httpd.conf
Remember, if you put these rules in the main server conf file (usually httpd.conf) rather than an .htaccess file, you'll need to use ^/... ... instead of ^... ... at the beginning of the RewriteRule line, in other words, add a slash.

inheritance..
If you are creating rules in sub-folders of your site, you need to read this.

this works fine, site-wide, in my main .htaccess file
# main (top-level) .htaccess file..
# requests to file.htm goto file.php
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^(.*)\.htm$ http://corz.org/$1.php [R=301,NC]

Here's my updated /osx/.htaccess file, with the .htm >> .php redirection rule reinserted..

but I'll need to reinsert the rules for it to work in this sub-folder
# /osx/.htaccess file..
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule some rule that I need here
RewriteRule some other rule I need here
RewriteRule ^(.*)\.htm$ http://corz.org/osx/$1.php [R=301,NC]

it's a good idea to put all your rules in your main .htaccess file..
# root /.htaccess file..
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine on
# .htm >> .php is now be covered by our main rule, there's no need to repeat it.
# But if we do need some /osx/-specific rule, we can do something like this..
RewriteRule ^osx/(.*)\.foo$ /osx/$1.bar [R=301,NC]

handy for avatar folders, to allow hot-linking, etc..
RewriteEngine off

cookies

create a cookie called "example-cookie", and set its value to "true"..
Header set Set-Cookie "example-cookie=true"

check for that same cookie + value..
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} !example-cookie=true
RewriteRule .* /err/401.php
conclusion
In short, mod_rewrite enables you to send browsers from anywhere to anywhere. You can create rules based not simply on the requested URL, but also on such things as IP address, browser agent (send old browsers to different pages, for instance), and even the time of day; the possibilities are practically limitless.

The ins-and outs of mod_rewrite syntax are topic for a much longer document than this, and if you fancy experimenting with more advanced rewriting rules, I urge you to check out the Apache documentation.

If you have Apache installed on your system, there will likely be a copy of the Apache manual, right here, and the excellent mod_rewriting guide, lives right here. do check out the URL Rewriting Engine notes for the juicy syntax bits. That's where I got the cute quote for the top of the page, too.

;o) Cor

troubleshooting tips..
Fatal Redirection
If you start messing around with 301 redirects [R=301], aka. "Permanently Redirected", and your rule isn't working, you could give yourself some serious headaches..

Once the browser has been redirected permanently to the wrong address, if you then go on to alter the wonky rule, your browser will still be redirected to the old address (because it's a browser thing), and you may even go on to fix, and then break the rule all over again without ever knowing it. Changes to 301 redirects can take a long time to show up in your browser.

Solution: restart your browser, or use a different one.

Better Solution: Use [R] instead of [R=301] while you are testing . When you are 100% certain the rule does exactly as it's expected to, then switch it to [R=301] for your live site.

rewrite logging..
When things aren't working, you may want to enable rewrite logging. I'll assume you are testing these mod_rewrite directives on your development mirror, or similar setup, and can access the main httpd.conf file. If not, why not? Testing mod_rewrite rules on your live domain isn't exactly ideal, is it? Anyway, put this somewhere at the foot of your http.conf..

Expect large log files..
#
# ONLY FOR TESTING REWRITE RULES!!!!!
#
RewriteLog "/tmp/rewrite.log"
#RewriteLogLevel 9
RewriteLogLevel 5

Set the file location and logging level to suit your own requirements. If your rule is causing your Apache to loop, load the page, immediately hit your browser's "STOP" button, and then restart Apache. All within a couple of seconds. Your rewrite log will be full of all your diagnostic information, and your server will carry on as before.

Setting a value of 1 gets you almost no information, setting the log level to 9 gets you GIGABYTES! So you must remember to comment out these rules and restart Apache when you are finished because, not only will rewrite logging create space-eating files, it will seriously impact your web server's performance.

RewriteLogLevel 5 is very useful, but 2 is probably enough information for most issues.

debug-report.php
A php script to make your mod_rewrite life easier!
When things aren't working as you would expect, rewrite logging is a good option, but on a hosted server, you probably won't have that option, without access to httpd.conf. Fortunately, what's usually required is no more than a quick readout of all the current server variables, $_GET array, and so on; so you can see exactly what happened to the request.

For another purpose, I long ago created debug.php, and later, finding all this information useful in chasing down wonky rewrites, created a "report" version, which rather than output to a file, spits the information straight back into your browser, as well as $_POST, $_SESSION, and $_SERVER arrays, special variables, like __FILE__, and much more.

Usage is simple; you make it your target page, so in a rule like this..

RewriteRule ^(.*)\.html$ /catch-all.php?var=$1

You would have a copy of debug-report.php temporarily renamed to catch-all.php in the root of your server, and type http://testdomain.org/foobar.html into your address bar and, with yer mojo working, debug-report.php leaps into your browser with a shit-load of exactly the sort of information you need to figure out all this stuff. When I'm messing with mod_rewrite, debug-report.php saves me time, a lot. It's way faster than enabling rewrite logging, too. Also, it's free..

Life Experience

2010-03-18T02:50:00.000-07:00

First time in junior high, I've tricked by my friends. But naturally, because I was a bit sloppy. After a few months later, I was not afraid anymore because I've adapted to my friends.

Over time, do not feel I have 3 junior class. We all hold a farewell. It felt good because we were successful in the school. We, none, who failed in implementing the UN.

During his junior high school was fun because my friends and teachers is very good to me and also to the others. I am very grateful to God Almighty, because I was given patience, calmness and sincerity in the education starting from elementary, junior high and up to now I've CMS.

Indeed, does not seem to spend time at the school. Just a year it was 365 days, 7 days a week and it feels 30 days a month. That's the fun in the days of school.

by Juliadi

Happiness

2010-03-18T02:37:00.000-07:00

First time in this life, I really feel the infinite joy at the birth of my sister who is very anxious heart. Anxious about losing her mother, and also my brother's future.

My mother was pregnant at the time I went to SMK, it's good because I'll be a brother. Day after day passed. Imperceptibly, the content of his time closer to my mother. It can not wait to see what my sister would ....? Would like ...? Or like my mother ....? Various questions on my mind. With great patience, I waited, then, it was time she gave birth. Everything is busy preparing everything. I did too, was busy preparing myself. Ready to see my sister and the candidate is ready to accept the risks that might occur.

Either way what I felt at that time. Sad, scared, anxious, happy, all in one. But, after a few hours later, my brother was born safely. So does my mother. Happiness enveloped me and my family at that time. Finally, mother and brother survived. I'm very happy ...!

by Anisa

Jealousy

2010-03-18T02:22:00.001-07:00

I was very jealous person. Why? I also do not know. However, no denying the feeling that always comes up. Especially when I see my parents much loved brother and nephew than I was. All that I feel since my sister was successful and he who formed the backbone of the family. My parents increasingly comparing me to him. Whatever they say, always my brother who serve as an example. I know, really well-meaning parents so I could like brother and even more so than he. However, not by comparing bandingkanku him, because it all made me become weak, not more motivated.

Jealousy was more profound after my brother got married. Before he got married, me and my brother were always together wherever we go. Whatever my complaints, I always tell my brother. So otherwise. However, all was lost after my brother got married a few months ago. He became busy with her husband, and never bother me again. So I was jealous of her husband. And I'm also jealous of my nephew who had snatched love everyone in my house. I know, jealousy is not good because it will only continue to add problems, but, that's the truth. I'm jealous.

by Alpina Yuliandita

MY IDEALS WAS ONLY A STORY

2010-03-16T23:35:00.001-07:00

In the last days I was in junior high third grade, his father asked "Where I want to go to school?". I answered, "I want to go to school at SMK 1 Sorek." Father also agreed with what I wanted, so did the mother. In the end, I also graduated from SMP 1 Batang Peranap but at that moment, my dad forgot his promise, so I went SMK N 1 Batang Peranap. I am sad, but what power, maybe this is the way my life that can work well.

Then, at the beginning I went SMK N 1 Batang Peranap, I vacillate like that can be replaced by the crying but I never knew what he wanted by the father and mother. With patience and courage, I faced all that happened. I was excited to attend lessons at school, but unfortunately a thousand dear, beloved father died, leaving a promise. First will think my goal, but it turned into a story, and heartbreaking to me. In addition to losing his father, I also experienced the sinking ideals. I lost my spirit. But life must be lived, and I also realized, because the inaccuracy of this promise is because his father was gone forever and never come back again. However, I am sad because the reality is happening at the time, who could never forget me forever.

But now, and the second-last seconds of the SMK, the wound recurrence. Who had painful memories, but whatever resources I can only shackled, bowed his head because there is no hope for wanting this goal will be achieved. But I do not feel frustrated, because I believe, God had planned something more beautiful than I wanted, because I'm sure God would not do / give a test on his people beyond their means and the reason, there are still things that are beautiful for my life. I thought, was always grateful to God with what is given and gave it to me.

Weight but strong: Spyware doctor with antivirus

2010-03-05T06:12:00.000-08:00

I am overwhelmed by the worm is not able to be detected by Norton, Mc Afee and NOD32. Worm caused computers performance very frustrating.

After exploring the virtual world, I found Spyware Doctor with Antivirus.Spyware Doctor with Antivirus is award-winning spyware and virus protection to secure your PC against privacy, tracking and virus threats.

Spyware Doctor with AntiVirus is a top-rated malware, spyware & virus removal utility that detects, removes and protects your PC from thousands of potential spyware, adware, trojans, viruses, keyloggers, spybots and tracking threats.

Spyware removal plus Threat Fire, engine from PC Tools Antivirus is, capable of finding malware 13,000, consisting of the worm, keylogger, trojan. After deleting malware and then also remove Spyware Doctor and cleaned with Glary Utilities, my computer's performance was astonishing.

Glary Utilities

2010-03-05T05:39:00.000-08:00

Glary Utilities is the #1 free, powerful and all-in-one utility in the world market! It offers numerous powerful and easy-to-use system tools and utilities to fix, speed up, maintain and protect your PC.

I've tried various utilities. However, the speed of the PC as expected, did not visit obtained. Accidentally, I found Glary utilities. This utility is available free of charge and can be downloaded at Glary Utilities Website.

Glary Utilities is a powerful and top all-in-one utility to fix, speed up, maintain and protect your PC. It optimizes the performance of your computer, solves problems, protect your privacy and helps you to customize your system to suit your needs.

GU motto is it not wrong. After trying, the PC was light. GU quickly able to find registry errors and clean the file system.

One tool is a very good GU is duplicate file finder. With this tool, I can quickly delete files that were created worms. GU group files with similar size into groups. Silly worm that makes file.exe in each folder with the folder name can be found and removed easily.

Privaciy Policy

2008-03-15T11:14:00.000-07:00

Privacy Policy for ghobro.blogspot.com

If you require any more information or have any questions about our privacy policy, please feel free to contact us by email at ghobro@gmail.com.

At ghobro.blogspot.com, the privacy of our visitors is of extreme importance to us. This privacy policy document outlines the types of personal information is received and collected by ghobro.blogspot.com and how it is used.

Log Files
Like many other Web sites, ghobro.blogspot.com makes use of log files. The information inside the log files includes internet protocol ( IP ) addresses, type of browser, Internet Service Provider ( ISP ), date/time stamp, referring/exit pages, and number of clicks to analyze trends, administer the site, track user’s movement around the site, and gather demographic information. IP addresses, and other such information are not linked to any information that is personally identifiable.

Cookies and Web Beacons
ghobro.blogspot.com does not use cookies.

Some of our advertising partners may use cookies and web beacons on our site. Our advertising partners include Google Adsense, .

These third-party ad servers or ad networks use technology to the advertisements and links that appear on ghobro.blogspot.com send directly to your browsers. They automatically receive your IP address when this occurs. Other technologies ( such as cookies, JavaScript, or Web Beacons ) may also be used by the third-party ad networks to measure the effectiveness of their advertisements and / or to personalize the advertising content that you see.

ghobro.blogspot.com has no access to or control over these cookies that are used by third-party advertisers.

You should consult the respective privacy policies of these third-party ad servers for more detailed information on their practices as well as for instructions about how to opt-out of certain practices. ghobro.blogspot.com's privacy policy does not apply to, and we cannot control the activities of, such other advertisers or web sites.

If you wish to disable cookies, you may do so through your individual browser options. More detailed information about cookie management with specific web browsers can be found at the browsers' respective websites.

The Indonesian nation needed Entrepreneur

2008-03-05T00:56:00.001-08:00

Dr. (HC) Ir. Ciputra, Begawan Indonesian property, the Parigi birth man, Sulteng, on February 24 1931, that developed various prestigious projects said that although heavy and was full of the bend, this nation needed many entrepreneur to leave the poverty twist and the unemployment.

To be able to become a prosperous country, he continued, was needed at least two percent entrepreneur from the total of the inhabitants's numbers. In Indonesia, at this time just 0.18 percent or just around 400,000 people then. Now if being compared in the USA 2007 had 11.5 percent entrepreneur and SIngapura with his inhabitants that only 4.24 million in 2005 the number entrepreneru him 7.2 percent.

The mistake happened because of the education system that has been rooted from long before, but wrong big. Where we more often were told memorised not was creative. His fact the capacity memorised very rare was used in paktik the everyday life. Therefore, the key to cultivating the capacity berwirausaha was with the intervention through the educational agency. The design of national education more oriented in the formation of the seeker's human resources of the work, not human resources of the work giver.

Entrepreneur could create the opportunity and always to innovator. Entrepreneur true must dare to take the risk.

Link Seo Buzz

2008-03-02T12:20:00.001-08:00

This is an kode url of link seobuz

SEO Link Directory

Understanding the Sumatran Tiger

2008-02-22T05:15:00.001-08:00

One of Bukit Tigapuluh National Park's most important inhabitants is the critically endangered Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae, Linnaeus 1758). As a subspecies of the tiger (Panthera tigris) the Sumatran tiger is the last surviving tiger in Indonesia, where both the Bali and Javan tiger is the last of the tigers to inhabit these regions, and therefore Bukit Tigapuluh area has a critical role to play in ensuring that tigers continue for future generations and the world.

It is currently estimated that only 400 to 500 Sumatran tigers survive in the wild across the island of Sumatra. Very little was known about the ecology, needs and behavior of the Sumatran tiger in the wild, before the Sumatran tiger in the wild, before the Sumatran Tiger Conservation Program developed remote camera monitoring techniques during a long-term study in southern Sumatra (1996 to present) and a more recently initiated intensive monitoring project in Bukit Tigapuluh National Park (2001 to present).

The Sumatran tiger is threatened across its current range due to a wide range of factors, including loss of habitat and conflict with humans, but also because of poaching for its valuable pelt and bones. The survival of the Sumatran tiger is particularly critical as it represents one of the big cats that has specifically evolved to live in the dense tropical forests characteristic of southeast Asia. It is also Sumatra's largest cat species, an ecologically important top predator which once existed right across the length and breadth of the island. The Sumatran tiger holds a special place in Bukit Tigapuluh National Park where it is shown centerpiece on the park's symbol and logo.

Kubu Problems

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The forest as an important factor in the Kubu's life is shrinking dramatically as it is converted to oil palm and timber plantations. Large scale conversion of land has affected the Kubu population, pushing them out from their original areas to find other locations for survival. But in the new areas, often suboptimal to their needs, they face many problems and constraints.

To make matters worse the middlemen monopolise and control the price of forest products, often causing the Kubu people to be marginalized. These days their daily activities do not provide enough for them to meet their basic needs, which is mainly based around forest resources, because the money they earn from product exchange primarily goes towards paying off their debts.

Distribution of Kubu or Forest People, traditional communities

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One of the traditional communities in Bukit Tigapuluh is the Kubu or Forest Dwelling People. The majority of Kubu people live in the less hilly regions of Bukit Tigapuluh National Park, found within Jambi Province. The Bukit Tigapuluh group of Kubu people are part of larger one in Bukit Duabelas National Park – also in Jambi Province. As forests became fragmented, they left Bukit Duabelas and moved in the direction of Bukit Tigapuluh in search of resources for survival. Also many migrating individuals moved to this new area also because they had transgressed a traditional code of conduct known as "Keno campok adat" and thus forcibly evicted. Most of the Kubu people in Bukit Tigapuluh settled in the southern part of the park, though some went to northern and western regions of the park which are found in Riau Province. To Kubu people, forests are regarded as being their homes where they do their daily activities such as hunting, cooking, collecting forest products and occasionally basic "shifting" cultivation. Hunting has a social signigicance in that the spoils of the hunt (animal meat) are shared widely among the members of the group.

Their intense interactions with the forest in their day-to-day activities has made them very dependent on their natural surroundings. Apart from being their homes, the forest is also regarded as a place where they are free from external influences. This is in line with their attempts to maintain their traditions which are so distinct from other ethnic groups. The feeling of security that the forest provides them with – they describe it as how a baby feels in its mother lap – reinforces their desires to live naturally within the forest.

Women are both the owners and distributors of resources in a Kubu family. This is evidenced by the very protective nature of men towards their women, often leading to the misconception that women are sidelined within the community. In fact they are regarded highly.

External interaction, particularly economic activites, is commonly carried out by the men. The men are responsible for collecting forest products and selling them in the market through middlemen. This is a form of external exchange where the Kubu people and middlemen are very dependent on each other. However, this has always been to the advantage of the middlemen. The middlemen act as the lenders of money to the Kubu people for expenses in the period of searching for forest products. In return for this advance money, the Kubu people must pay the money back in the form of forest products. However, since forests have become limited and forest resources are scarce, the Kubu people often suffer as a result of their debts to these middlemen.

The Kubu people differ from other indigenous people inhabiting the Bukit Tigapuluh range (e.g. Talang Mamak and Old Malay). They maintain a loose ownership over larger areas for their nomadic lifestyle and as areas in which they hunt and gather products. When they temporarily settle in one area, they tend to regard their settlements as a base camp for food supplies rather than an area for shifting or longer term cultivation.

Kubu Culture

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The Kubu people have many interesting cultures and traditions including Collection of forest products. Such as jernang, rattan, resin, etc.

Hunting. To fulfill their dietary needs they hunt wild pig, deer, snakes etc. This is among the interesting traditions for ecotourism visits in Bukit Tigapuluh. However one of the major problems is the difficulty in identifying the locations of groups of Kubu people at any particular time.

Sesudungon. This describe a tent of about 2 by 2 meters, which has plastic or palm leaves roofs to cover them from the rain and sunshine, and serves as the simple Kubu house. Setting up of sesudungan is closely related to nomadism and the 'Melangun' tradition.

Melangun. This describes the tradition of abandoning a place due to death of a family member. In the Melangun ritual ceremony, they cry then leave their belongings in that place for between 2 to 5 years.

To distinguish themselves from others, the Kubu people call themselves 'Orang Rimba' or forest people who refuse to blend with other groups. They do so because they think those people would bring disease. Even so, interaction with Malay people has long taken place, especially during bartering and exchange of products. The exchange includes forest products for sugar, tobacco and rice. Eating food cooked by people outside is a taboo to Kubu people as it is also believed to lead to disease.

Bukit Tigapuluh Eco-Tourism

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Bukit Tigapuluh National Park holds enormous potential as a site for eco-tourism. The huge amount of biological diversity, including rare species of plants and animals, and a unique assemblage of local people living in the area with their knowledge about the utilization of many kinds of resources, are among the key assets that will appeal to tourists

How to get to Bukit Tigapuluh National Park?

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Visitors who arrive from various direction may get to the Park Management Office in Pematang Reba via the following routes:

From Jambi airport along the Eastern Sumatran Highway on a 5 hour drive (approximately 310 km) to the National Park office in Pematang Reba; or 45 minuters by flight to Japura Airport in Rengat then about 25 minutes to the National Park office in Pematang Reba.

From Pekanbaru airport along the Eastern Sumatran Highway on a 4 hour drive (approximately 310 km) to the National Park office in Pematang Reba; or 30 minutes by flight to Japura Airport in Rengat then about 25 minutes to the National park office in Pematang Reba.
From Batam airport via Tembilahan by speed boat/ferry on a 4 hour crossing, the to Pematang Reba via a 3 ours drive.

Old Malay Tradition

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Old Malay traditions have much in common with those seen and described for the Talang Mamak as do the backgrounds to these traditions. Some interesting cultural riches include:

Rituals for healing the sick
A harvest ceremony known as 'Basolang Manugal'
The utilization of many species of medicinal plants
A wedding ceremony
A mourning ceremony, which is performed to drive away evil spirits following the death of a tribe member

Perceptions Toward Nature

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In fact, the Malay and Talang Mamak people have already posses a basic concept of conservation. Even these people have traditional spatial planning concepts. The border between one village and an adjacent one is well managed. In determining areas they will refer to the saying 'Cucur Ayik Sinding Pematang' meaning that rivers, streams and drainage ditches make the best and least problematic boundaries.

They also recognize a 'puaka' or sacred forest which is believed to be the place of their ancestor's spirits. In several villages it is possible to find 'Sialang' trees where honey bees are making their nests to produce honey. Cutting a Sialang tree is regarded as being the second most serious crime after murdering people. If a Sialang tree is cut down, people will perform a ritual as an atonement to the spirits of the dead tree. The culprit who has cut the tree will be heavily fined by providing many lengths of long white cloth. Sialang has social and economic importance as the honey generated will go to every level of people in the community, often yielding many tons of honey and much money over the course of its natural life.

The Old Malays and Talang Mamak base spatial management on the saying 'tindik dabu, lupak pendanauan, sialang pendulangan, cucur ayik sinding pematang', meaning that everything should be based on adat/tradition and in order to maximize access to resources. In this way rivers are protected to provide fish, sialang protected to provide honey, and village boundaries are based on rivers or drainage systems.

Shifting cultivation

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The communities living in Bukit Tigapuluh National Park greatly support conservation management as they sustainably generate income from collecting forest products and due to the shifting cultivation integrated with rubber planting. Their swidden cultivation, which uses an appropriate and sustainable pattern of shifting 'fields', does not much impinge upon large areas of forest. However, a case in Talang Perigi village where forest were degraded due to economic influence of external parties, shows that the rotation of shifting cultivation can be accelerated resulting in decreased soil fertility and ultimately bad harvests. The creation of the National Park means that it will offers sanctuary as well as resources to the three traditional communities which continue to survive. The swidden cultivation integrated with rubber planting provides many benefits to the communities, since after an area was opened and planted with rubber, the people can then leave it to seek forest products in other areas. When the rubber trees have reached maturity, the elderly or women carry out the tapping, while the younger go to the forest to look for products and for hunting.

Old Malay Traditions and Religion

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The communities in the lowlands of Sumatra and in the surrounding river systems have much in common regarding language and traditions. The social-cultural differences are due to specific adaptations to the local environment, often caused by external influences brought in with economics, politics, and communications with other ethnic groups outside the immediate area.

Over 500 years ago the communities living in this area have professed the Moslem religion. Intensive trade and intermarriage with external people have helped the expansion of Islamic influence. While most Old Malays are Moslem, there are still some who hold traditional beliefs because of their objection to food restriction in Islam and for other reasons.

Old Malay Trade Activities

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The communities living in Bukit Tigapuluh practice shifting cultivation and collect forest products for external exchange. This tradition has taken place for thousands of years ago and has been an important factor in shaping the communities' social-politic structure in the Sumatra lowland. Paths, small roads and river are a means of transportation for bringing resources out of the forest and into the surrounding areas. Rivers used in this way as means of transportation include Cinaku, Keritang, Akar and Gangsal rivers in the northern and western part of the park. From Jambi they travel using the Tungkal and Sumai rivers.

The major center of the Talang Mamak/Malay Kingdom in the past was based around two big rivers: Indragiri and Batang Hari, which served the 'Silk Route' to introduce goods to central Asian trade through the Malacca Straits. The communities in the extensive area of lowland rain forests between the Indragiri and Batang Hari rivers were formed in a loose federation that was based around drainage. However, basically the federation was autonomous and weak as the number of people were always very few.

The Indragiri’s Old Malay History

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Old Malay people are among the traditional communities of Indragiri District, who have been living along nearby rivers for over 500 years. They differ from Talang Mamak mainly with regards to their faith –Talang Mamak still follow animism, but the Malay are Moslem – and some of their traditional practices. The faith difference has brought impacts regarding food consumption. The Malay people have some restrictions on food an many of their day-to-day traditions are more influenced by Moslem/Arabic cultures.

Talang Mamak Communities in Bukit Tigapuluh National Park

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The Talang Mamak communities living in the Bukit Tigapuluh National park can be found within Sembilan, Batang Gangsal, Sepuluh Jan, Denalah, and Pasak Melintang areas predominantly. About a hundred years ago all of these people were Talang Mamak, but since the influx of Islam people in three of these hamlets have become Malay. It was estimated in 1999, the communities in Bukit Tigapuluh National Park remaining were 181 households or 844 individuals. Of the total number 97 households or 523 individuals were Talang Mamak and 64 households or 321 individuals were Malay.

Both traditional Malay and Talang Mamak people live in alaong the Gangsal river inside the park. They spread out in several hamlets which included seven hamlets in the Riau section: Tanah Datar, Dusun Tua, Suit, Sadan, Air Bomban, Nunusan, and Siamang and one hamlet in the Jambi part: Semerantihan. The Dusun Tua group split because of conflicts and less available resources. Three hamlets have been inhabited by Malay people: Sadan, Air Bomban and Nunusan.

The population growth in the park tends to be stagnant as the birth and mortality rate is generally balanced. The health care system is still predominantly traditional. To cure and prevent diseases, the people utilize some medicinal plants combined with cosmological system. Culturally, the Talang Mamak in Bukit Tigapuluh differ slightly with those in Tiga Balai hamlet, which is the center of Talang Mamak culture. They do not follow the tradition of going down river to respect their King. Their traditional institutions have become faded, and generally they are more autonomous so that any serious conflict can be resolved with assistance from the formal village heads. Although they are generally animistic, some people have become Catholic especially those who live in Siamang hamlet.

They have extensive knowledge about traditional medicines. A survey conducted by a Biota Medika expedition (1998) has identified that Talang Mamak communities utilize some 110 species of plants for curing 56 kinds of diseases and utilize some 22 species of mushrooms of medicinal plants for curing 45 kinds of diseases. Apart from having knowledge about many species of medicinal plants, Talang Mamak communities possess extensive knowledge regarding wildlife.

Interactions

The Talang Mamak communities living in the Bukit Tigapuluh National Park are known as being polite and willing to welcome visitors from outside the area. They do not want to interfere with other people; when there is conflict they will avoid it by going deeper into the forest. This is a basic attitude of Talang Mamak. It is not wise to think we are superior to them when we consider their extensive knowledge about ethnobotany, ethno-zoology, culture and farming systems.

In the provision of assistance to these people we should ensure that our gestures are not simply symbolic thus underestimating their status and needs. It is better to give them something useful for their life and environment such as seeds to be planted or basic life education. Anyone who wants to do researvh in their area should ask them for permission in advance, as there are some pkaces are considered to be sacred and offlimits to all visitors.

Talang Mamak Tribal People

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History

Talang Mamak people belong to the Old Malay ethnic group, representing one of the traditional communities of Indragiri District. Being old traditional people or "Suku Tuha" they have rights to district resources. There are several arguments of where the Talang Mamak came from. According to Obdeyn (a former Indragiri Assistant Resident), Talang Mamak came from Pagaruyung region of West Sumatra, where they were pushed outside because of conflicts concerning adat/tradition and religion. But according to Talang Mamak myth, they were the third generation descended from Adam who came down to the earth at Sungai Limau hamlet and have lived in Sungai Tunu hamlet until now. This can be seen from the saying 'Kandal Tanah Makkah' meaning that the Talang Mamak were the first human beings to live on the earth.

Distribution

The distribution of Talang Mamak covers 4 sub-districts of Indragiri Hulu: Batang Gangsal, Cinaku, Kelayang (Rakit Kulim), and Rengat. There is a group who live in Semerantihan hamlet in Jambi Province. In year 2000 the Talang Mamak population was approximately 1314 households or 6418 individuals.

Tradition

Although most of the Talang Mamak follow traditional animism, there are some of them who follow Catholic teachings, especially those who live in Siambul and Talang Lakat villages. They refer to themselves as being traditional people known as 'Langkah Lama'. The identity of Talang Mamak people is mainly based on the belief system that the person follows. If a Talang Mamak person converts to the Moslem religion, he/she will lose his/her identity and become a Malay. The Talang Mamak people have inherited their ancestor's tradition by having long hair, wearing turbans and chewing betel nut. Other traditions include rituals that still exist until now, which are performed on occasions such as birth, circumcision, marriage, healing, death, etc.

The pride of being Talang Mamak is closely related with the history of Talang Mamak and Malay leadership in the surrounding areas of the Gangsal, Kuantan, and Cinaku rivers. This is shown in the saying 'Sembilan Batang Gangsal, Sepuluh Jan Denalah, Denalah Pasak Melintang'; Sembilan Batin Cinaku, Sepuluh Jan Anak Talang, Anak Talang Tagas Binting Aduan; beserta ranting cawang, berinduk ke tiga balai, beribu ke Pagaruyung, berbapa ke Indragiri, beraja ke Sultan Rengat' It shows that the Talang Mamak have had an important role in shaping the Indragiri Kingdom structure, politically obtaining a legitimacy and support from Pagaruyung Kingdom. Most Talang Mamak groups have the tradition of going down river to Rengat to pay their respect to their Datuk/King every year, in particular during the big Moslem Holidays. It is a tradition inherited from the Indragiri Kingdom. It is said if this tradition is transgressed, it will cause bad luck to descend on those people, which is summed up in the saying 'Ke akar ndak berpucuk, ke bawah ndak berurat, di tengah dilarik kumbang' (literally meaning the transgressors will be humiliated).

There are several Talang Mamak traditions which are performed during a ceremony, such as martial arts performed with traditional drum music, gambus music, Balai Terbang dance etc. In addition there is a healing ritual ceremony 'Rentak Bulian' which is performed by a shaman to cure sick people from disease caused by bad spirits.

The Talang Mamak's attempts to protect their traditions from external influences is shown in the saying 'biar mati anak asal jangan mati adat' or literally its preferable that a child may die as long as tradition does not. The Tiga Balai groups and other groups in Bukit Tigapuluh still firmly maintain their traditions, except the groups living in the vicinity of the Trans Sumatran Eastern Highway, who have had much interaction with external communities.

The implementation of national laws regarding village government structure has resulted in a centralized government which does not recognize informal leaders. As a result, the traditional Talang Mamak leaders were divided into several positions, of which the highest position (Patih) was held by three people. Each Patih leader often had fanatic followers and, as a result, sometimes led to severe conflicts of interests, including resource claim conflicts, which were often very difficult to solve.

Education

Most Talang Mamak people are still illiterate because of the lack educational facilities and remoteness of their homes. Although some schools have been built outside the park, the education does not apperar to help to solve their problems. In Tiga Balai hamlet, parents were reluctant to send their children to school because they were afraid their children would leave the villages after completing the course.

Environment and Economy

Land and forest are regarded by Talang Mamak as an inseparable part of their life. For hundreds of years they have been living peacefully and in harmony with nature. They collect forest products and practice shifting cultivation. For a considerable time they have played an important role in meeting the demands for forest products in the world market. Since 19^th there has been an increase in collecting activity in line with the increasing demand for dragon bloods, rattan, commercial plants, etc. But in 20^th century these activities declined due to fall in demand for forest products in the world market; therefore they switched to alternative incomes by integrating rubber planting into their shifting cultivation system. At the time it was thought that rubber planting would force the people to settle and protect their lands or forests from encroachment.

However, much has changed since forests concessions have gained control of the area and transmigration settlements have expanded. Much of the original forests have been converted to make way for oil palm plantation and settlemens, while a large portion of the land is now under the control of migrants. Now they face marginalization as a result of land pressure. To survive they need to adapt this new situation, and for those who can not their life is threatened. In response to encroachment by logging companies a chief of Talang Mamak in Tiga Balai hamlet was willing to die for the forest. Because of his struggle WWF International awarded him, together with two other recipients from Malaysia and India, a Conservation Merit aware received during a WWF International Annual Meeting held in Kinabalu, Malaysia 1999. This has given additional attention on the part of the decision makers and has popularized Riau Province or Indonesia to the world. Again in 2003 this same chief won a KALPATARU award from the president of Indonesia.

Sumatran Orang Utan Reintroduction Program

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The Sumatran Orang Utan Reintroduction Program is located in the Bukit Tigapuluh National Park buffer zone, specifically in Suo-suo village, Sumai Sub-District, Tebo District, Jambi Province. This program was launched under considerations that:

The Sumatran wild Orang Utan population is suffering a decline because of wildlife trade that is still ongoing.
There is a need to build a Rehabilitation Center or Adaptation Station to release Orang Utan confiscated from poacher.

The purpose of Sumatran Orang Utan Reintroduction Program is to:

Look for and determine a suitable location for the Orang Utan Rehabilitation or Adaptation Station establishment based on appropriate surveys.
Establish a Rehabilitation Center and equip it with basic equipment.
Build capacity for Ministry of Forestry institutions in support of Orang Utan conservation.
Increase awareness about the importance of Orang Utan among local communities.
Set up coordination and partnership with government as well as local institutions, NGOs, research institutions and universities at national and international levels.

The poject site is base the production forest of PT Dalek Hutani Esa concession area, 2 km from the National Park bordering area. The camp is 2 ha and the adaptation area is 200 ha which is currently being expanded to become 500 ha.

The Bukit Tigapuluh National Park has been selected as a suitable place for the program with some considerations based on several aspects:

Conservation aspect

Orang Utan is the largest arboreal primate. Their home range in primary forest covers over 600 ha. They are referred to as an Umbrella Species, offering follow-on protection to many other rare and endangered species. Ecologically, Orang Utan populations tend to increase biodiversity and available habitat for other species. Habitat where Orang Utan survive in viable numbers is considered to be a healthy ecosystem. That is why they are regarded as being a species and ecosystem indicator. Even natural forest areas outside protection forests can be a habitat for Orang Utan provided that they are managed with sound conservation-based management.

Tourism Aspect

Communities in the surrounding station and local government would enjoy the benefit of the program through their participation in ecotourism development.

Facilities in the rehabilitation center/station include an Orang Utan clinic, quarantine station, adaptation station, isolation cage, food storage, office and dormitory, security house, small roads, laboratory, vehicles of many kinds.

Progress that has been made:

A plan for expansion of the adaptation area, from 200 ha to 500 ha in the production forest of PT Dalek Hutani Esa approved by the District Head of Tebo and the Jambi Governor.
Some 15 Orang Utan are in the process of reintroduction. Of the number, 13 Orang Utan have been released to the adaptation area, while the 2 remaining Orang Utan are still in the isolation cage.
Community participation efforts resulted in the communities willing to sell fruits from their gardens to the program at the market price as food supply for Orang Utan.

To facilitate monitoring Orang Utan in the adaptation area, the program has constructed small paths in a web-like pattern, some 20 km long, tagged at regular intervals. Thus, the location and how far Orang Utan cover each day can be measured and constantly assessed.

Should have been bleeding?: Separation of Rokan Darussalam, Meranti and Mandau

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Ujungbatu City is the largest city in Rokan Hulu before establishment of Rokan Hulu Regency. This city and area around was the biggest income resource for the underdeveloped regency. But, development allocation accepted by this city is very small. Therefore, It is fitting their population want to establish new regency, that is Rokan Darussalam.

Duri City is the largest city in Bengkalis Regency. It's population about 250 thousand, bigger from Dumai City. This area was the biggest income resource for the Bengkalis Regency. It's oil production make the Bengkalis Regency become the richest Regency in Riau Province. But, development allocation accepted by this city is not equivalent. Therefore, It is fitting their population want to establish Mandau Regency.

Selatpanjang City is one of the largest city in Bengkalis Regency. This area was offshore oil producer which is explored by Kondur Petroleum. But, development allocation accepted by this city is not equivalent. Therefore, It is fitting their population want to establish Meranti Regency.

Stakeholders in Riau actually know that it is fitting the three area separated from their current regency. Separation in principle will give profit for both, child and main regency. As an example, at transportation sector, much cost and time effectiveness will be reached. It is very strange, Mandau population who live in Sumatera land and closely from Pekanbaru or Dumai City must to cross the sea. It's also very strange that Meranti population which nearer from Siak have to sailing to Bengkalis Island.

Separation will make people in that area who will know how to manage there are and to develop and to use their potential. But, why have been blocked? Separation will not make be poor the source regency because the source regency actually rich. Who have been poor is their functionary. Currently, they can increase their riches easily. Using the money, they can buy the contry authority who can block the separation : Depdagri, DPR and DPD.

DPR (parliament) as representative of society is expected to suppot the separation. But, on the contrary, exactly they oppose it. The first reason, Indonesian Parliament as one of the most corrupt institution in Indonesia by survey is easy to be bribed. The other reason, Indonesian parliament is representative of the big politic party. Politic party need money. And the money is got from regency/province functionary's corruption. Separation may be decrease the money to be corrupted.

DPD as the last hope of people is not forbid money from corruption.

So that, who can be expected other from God? No.

So, what have to do? Disturbance. Many of separation is reached by bloodshed. This is as though obligatory procedure. Perceiving Rokan Darussalam separation, a member of parliament said,"Isn't there fire?" And the fire meaning bloodshed.

Lemang Hamlet and Siamang Hamlet

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Both these hamlets are situated in Rantau Langsat Village about 75 km from the National Park office or 2 hours drive. They are also situated close to the National Park boundary and are inhabited by the Talang Mamak community. Some attractions in the hamlets include:

The beauty of nature
Pepunauan waterfall
River travel by traditional canoes along Gangsal river
Traditional life of Old Malay and Talang Mamak
Interaction with these people
Wildlife night observation
Medicinal plants and their uses
Photo hunting for wildlife

Jaga Dua Sayap/ Dua Sisi, Ekonomi tidak akan tenggelam/jatuh

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Sebagai anak Kuantan, kemampuan berenang mutlak dikuasai. Demikian juga dengan saya. Banyak motif yang melatarbelakangi, di antaranya yang utama adalah citra. Seorang anak yang tinggal di tepian Kuantan adalah aneh apabila tidak bisa berenang. Otomatis, dia akan menjadi sumber gunjingan dan bahan ejekan. Motif penting lain: permainan di sungai adalah permainan turun-temurun yang khas. Musim kemarau dan juga musim banjir justru dinanti-nanti. Pada musim kemarau, anak-anak dengan bebas dapat bermain-main di pasir dan kemudian dilanjutkan ke sungai. Sebaliknya pada musim banjir, anak-anak dapat bermain perahu di depan rumah sambil mengitari kebun buah-buahan yang bebas hambatan karena pagarnya sudah tenggelam oleh air. Kesemuanya itu menuntut suatu kemampuan dasar, yakni berenang.

Keinginan untuk bisa berenang demikian kuatnya dalam hati saya, oleh karenanya berbagai cara ditempuh. Mulai dari mengikuti mitos kuno bahwa makan makanan yang pedas dapat mempercepat kepandaian berenang, sampai dengan mengikuti latihan yang intensif. Telinga yang sering kemasukan air, mata yang pedih karena lama di dalam air, badan yang lisut karena lama direndam tidak dipikirkan. Yang penting bisa berenang.

Berenang pada dasarnya hanyalah sederhana, yakni bisa menjaga keseimbangan badan antara sisi kiri dan sisi kanan. Apabila seseorang bisa menjaga keseimbangannya, dia tidak akan tenggelam. Penjagaan keseimbangan tersebut bisa dilakukan dengan kaki, dengan mengatur tekanan badan sehingga badan dalam keadaan diam dapat mengapung seumpama sebatang kayu yang hanyut selama berjam-jam, dan yang utamanya dengan menggunakan kedua tangan.

Kedua tangan pada orang yang berenang berfungsi sama seperti sayap pada burung atau pesawat terbang. Apabila salah satu sayap tidak berfungsi, burung atau pesawat tersebut akan jatuh.

Kebijakan ekonomi suatu negara juga seakan-akan gerakan berenang atau gerakan terbang. Dia memiliki dua sisi/sayap yang keduanya harus saling seimbang. Kedua sayap tersebut adalah kapitalisme dan sosialisme. Kita tidak dapat mengatakan mana yang benar dan mana yang salah dari kedua pandangan ekonomi tersebut, karena kedua-duanya mengandung kebenaran dan juga mengandung kesalahan, tergantung pada waktu.

Kebijakan perekonomian yang terlalu mengatur sebagaimana diterapkan pada negara-negara sosialis ternyata berdampak buruk karena menyebabkan turunnya motif usaha. Karenanya dunia usaha tidak berkembang dan selanjutnya perekonomian juga menjadi goyah. Sebaliknya kebijakan yang terlalu membebaskan dunia usaha ternyata juga menimbulkan ketimpangan-ketimpangan terutama pada golongan buruh dan usaha bermodal kecil.

Agar perekonomian berjalan, perlu diberi ruang kepada dunia usaha untuk bergerak namun harus mencegah perilaku semena-mena terhadap buruh dan usaha kecil. Dengan demikian, suara dari kaum sosialis perlu didengar. Sejalan dengan itu, pemerintah juga harus memberi kebebasan kepada dunia usaha dan membuka peluang kompetisi yang sehat. Karenanya, suara dari kaum kapitalis juga perlu didengar.

Seumpama pesawat yang terbang sampai ke sasaran di mana kedua sayapnya senantiasa seimbang sehingga pesawat tidak jatuh dalam perjalanan, atau seumpama seseorang yang berenang di mana kedua sisi tubuhnya harus tetap seimbang agar tidak tenggelam, kebijakan perekonomian suatu negara haruslah merupakan suatu kompromi dari suara kaum kapitalis dan sosialis sebagaimana telah filosofi dasar perekonomian yang dianut oleh UUD '45.

Tapi, dalam kenyataannya kita melihat bahwa asumsi yang berjalan di masyarakat hanya dua, yakni kegagalan kapitalisme dan kegagalan sosialisme. Yang kita baca sehari-hari hanyalah suara orang-orang yang mendukung satu aliran saja, tetapi jarang yang mendukung kompromi antara kedua aliran. Entah sampai kapan?????

Publikasikan Kembali Blog-blog lama

2008-02-03T10:02:00.000-08:00

Banyak blog-blog saya yang mati.

Untungnya blogger menyimpan semua draftnya, jadi tinggal pindahkan kembali ke blog spot.
Diantaranya:
Blog Riau Mandiri yang semula di blog.riaumandiri.co.id
Komputer by Ghobro
Islam by Ghobro
Galeri Ghobro
Ghobro yang semula di ghobro.com

Inilah Ghobro

2004-06-02T17:48:00.000-07:00

2 Agustus 1975 : Lahir di Peranap, Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu Riau Indonesia